| Template | Example | |
| In-text citation (for a paraphrase) | (Author Surname or Corporate Author, year of publication) | (Sole-Smith, 2019) |
| In-text citation (for a direct quotation) | (Author Surname or Corporate Author, year of publication, paragraph number or section heading you took the quote from) | (Sole-Smith, 2019, para. 8) |
| Reference list entry |
Author Surname, First Initial or Corporate Author. (Year, Month Day of publication). Title of webpage. Title of Website. URL |
Sole-Smith, V. (2019, April 9). Home remedies: Megan K. Stack confronts the global impact of class, privilege, and "women's work." Bitch Media. https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/home-remedies-women%27s-work/Megan-K-Stack-on-domestic-labor/Q-A-3
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| Scenario | Solution | In-text citation example | Reference list entry example |
| The information on the webpage may change or is regularly updated |
In-text: No change from standard template. Reference list: Provide a retrieved from statement before the link. |
(Government of Canada, 2020) | Government of Canada. (2020, May 30). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Retrieved May 31, 2020, from https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19.html |
| No date |
Do NOT use the copyright date of the webpage. In-text: Use n.d. in place of date. Reference list: Use n.d. in place of date. |
(Google, n.d.) | Google. (n.d.) Our commitments to racial equity. https://about.google/commitments/racialequity/ |
| No month and day provided |
In-text: Month and day are never used in the in-text citation - no change from standard template Reference list: Not required if not available - provide only year of publication or n.d. if no date (see above) |
(Airbnb, 2020) | Airbnb. (2020). Answering top questions about the new cleaning protocol. https://www.airbnb.ca/resources/hosting-homes/a/answering-top-questions-about-the-new-cleaning-protocol-183 |
| No page number |
In-text: Count the paragraphs and use the paragraph number, or use the section heading. Reference list: Follow the format for citing a webpage. |
(Black Lives Matter, n.d., para. 5) | Black Lives Matter. (n.d.) Herstory. http://blacklivesmatter.com/herstory |
| No author |
First, look for a corporate author. If there is no corporate author... In-text: List a short snippet of the title in quotes (or the entire title in quotes if only a few words). Reference list: List the title in place of the author. |
("All 33 Chile Miners," 2010) | All 33 Chile miners freed in flawless rescue. (2010, October 12). NBC. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39625809 |
| Author name is the same as title of website |
In-text: No change from standard template. Reference list: Omit the title of website (note: several examples on this guide follow this rule). |
(Government of Alberta, 2020) | Government of Alberta. (n.d.). Climate change in Alberta. Retrieved June 28, 2020, from https://www.alberta.ca/climate-change-alberta.aspx |
| Citing a whole website |
In-text: A formal in-text citation is not required. Include the website title and the URL in parentheses. Reference list: Not required. |
Government of Canada (https://www.canada.ca/en.html)
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Not required unless citing a specific page. If citing a specific page, use webpage format outlined above |
| Citing same author with same date |
In-text: Use letters after the year of publication to distinguish sources. Reference list: Use letters after the year of publication to distinguish sources. |
(Airbnb, 2020a) (Airbnb, 2020b) |
Airbnb. (2020a). Answering top questions about the new cleaning protocol. https://www.airbnb.ca/resources/hosting-homes/a/answering-top-questions-about-the-new-cleaning-protocol-183 Airbnb. (2020b). Changes to make to your listing today. https://www.airbnb.ca/resources/hosting-homes/a/changes-to-make-to-your-listing-today-202
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| Citing same author with no date |
In-text: Provide a hyphen and a letter after (n.d.) to distinguish sources. The alphabetical order should follow the order in your reference list. Reference list: Provide a hyphen and a letter after (n.d.) to distinguish sources. Items should be in alphabetical order. |
(National Museum of Australia, n.d.-a) (National Museum of Australia, n.d.-b) |
National Museum of Australia (n.d.-a). Nelson the Newfoundland's dog collar. https://www.nma.gov.au/explore/collection/highlights/nelson-the-newfoundlands-dog-collar National Museum of Australia. (n.d.-b). Newcastle bakery cart. https://www.nma.gov.au/explore/collection/highlights/newcastle-bakery-cart |
Is your scenario not covered in this table? Try consulting the official APA Style Blog's detailed information about elements of reference list entries and missing reference information or ask your librarian for help.