| Template | Example | |
| Reference list entry |
First Author Surname First Initial Second Initial, Second Author Surname First Initial Second Initial. Article title. Abbreviated Journal Title [Internet]. Year Abbreviated Month Day of Publication [cited Year Abbreviated Month Day];Volume(Issue):Start page-end page. Available from: URL |
Adrish M, Anand MP, Hanania NA. Phenotypes of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. [Internet]. 2022 Aug [cited 2024 Feb 11];42(3):645-655. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889856122000315?via%3Dihub |
Note: Journal titles must be abbreviated. Most journal title abbreviations can be found by searching for the article on PubMed. Alternatively, you can search for the journal name in the NLM Catalog. For non-medical journals, or for journals not indexed in PubMed, check the ISSN's List of Title Word Abbreviations.
| Scenario | Solution | Reference list entry example |
| Citing articles with more than one author | List all authors in the order they appear. Separate each author with a comma. | Adrish M, Anand MP, Hanania NA. Phenotypes of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. [Internet]. 2022 Aug [cited 2024 Feb 11];42(3):645-655. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889856122000315?via%3Dihub |
| Unknown abbreviated journal title | Most journal title abbreviations can be found by searching for the article on PubMed. Alternatively, you can search for the journal name in the NLM Catalog. For non-medical journals, or for journals not indexed in PubMed, check the ISSN's List of Title Word Abbreviations. | N/A - journal title abbreviations are required. See links in the solution box to the left. |
| No volume or issue number, but an article number is provided |
Provide the article number in place of the volume and issue. Note: if only the volume or issue is available, do not provide an article number. Provide the volume or issue and omit the missing component. |
Cunningham PJ, May JH. Medicaid patients increasingly concentrated among physicians. Tracking Reports [Internet]. 2006 Aug [cited 2007 Mar 20]:Report 16 [5 p.]. Available from: http://www.hschange.com/CONTENT/866/866.pdf |
| No volume, issue, or article number | Omit the semicolon and the missing components. Continue the reference list entry as written. |
Jacobs JL, Lee MT, Lindberg M, Kamin C. Problem-based learning, multimedia, and a paucity of behavioral issue learning. Med Educ Online [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2007 Jan 5]:[5 p.]. Available from: http://www.med-ed-online.org/pdf/l0000006.pdf |
| No page numbers |
Provide an estimation of the extent of the source in square brackets in place of the page number. For articles, this will typically be the number of PDF pages. |
Jerrentrup A, Mueller T, Glowalla U, Herder M, Henrichs N, Neubauer A, Schaefer JR. Teaching medicine with the help of "Dr. House." PLoS ONE.[Internet]. 2018 Mar 13 [cited 2024 Aug 27];13(3):[10 p.]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193972 |
| Citing a physical journal | Omit [Internet], cited date, and Available from: URL. | Adrish M, Anand MP, Hanania NA. Phenotypes of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2022 Aug;42(3):645-655. |
| Citing another type of article (e.g. trade, news, magazine) | The same formatting rules apply to other types of articles. Follow the guidance as closely as possible and review the What if... table where required. | N/A |
Is your scenario not covered in this table? Physical journal articles are covered in Citing Medicine - Chapter 1: Journals. Online journal articles are covered in Chapter 23: Journals on the Internet. You can also ask your librarian for help.